Advantages of DBMS

There are following advantages of DBMS

1. Reduction in Data Redundancy The duplication of data refers to data redundancy. DBMS cannot make separate copies of the same data. All the data is kept at a place and different applications refer to data from centrally controlled system.

Data redundancy occurs when the same piece of data exists in multiple places, whereas data inconsistency is when the same data exists in different formats in multiple tables. Unfortunately, data redundancy can cause data inconsistency, which can provide a company with unreliable and/or meaningless information.

Data inconsistency is a situation where there are multiple tables within a database that deal with the same data but may receive it from different inputs.

2. Better Interaction with Users In DBMS, the availability of up to - date information improves the data to be access or respond as per user requests.

3. Improvement in Data Security DBMS can allow the means of access to the database through the authorised channels. To ensure security, DBMS provides security tools, i.e. username and password.

In the Question:

Which of the following enables the user to modify data structures Without affecting existing programs that use them?

The Answer is Data independence.

Hence the Option A is Correct.

Advantages of DBMS

There are following advantages of DBMS

1. Reduction in Data Redundancy The duplication of data refers to data redundancy. DBMS cannot make separate copies of the same data. All the data is kept at a place and different applications refer to data from centrally controlled system.

Data redundancy occurs when the same piece of data exists in multiple places, whereas data inconsistency is when the same data exists in different formats in multiple tables. Unfortunately, data redundancy can cause data inconsistency, which can provide a company with unreliable and/or meaningless information.

2. Better Interaction with Users In DBMS, the availability of up to - date information improves the data to be access or respond as per user requests.

3. Improvement in Data Security DBMS can allow the means of access to the database through the authorised channels. To ensure security, DBMS provides security tools, i.e. username and password.

4. Maintenance of Data Integrity Data integrity ensures that the data of database is accurate In DBMS, data is centralized and used by many users at a time, it is essential to enforce integrity controls.

5. Ease of Application Development The application programmer needs to develop the application programs according to the user's need. The other issues like concurrent access, security, data integrity, etc. are handled by database itself. This makes the application development an easier task.

6. Backup and Recovery The DBMS provides backup and recovery subsystem that is responsible to recover data from hardware and software failures.

In the Question:

In which, the database can be restored up to the last consistent state after the system failure ?

The Answer is Recovery. There are three basic types of recovery: instance recovery, crash recovery, and media recovery.

Hence the Option B is Correct.

Concept of Data Independence:

• Data independence is essential for managing database structures without affecting applications.
• It enables modifications to database schemas without requiring changes in the applications that interact with the data.

Types of Data Independence:

Logical Data Independence: Allows changes to the logical schema, such as adding new fields, without affecting the applications. Applications will continue working unless they specifically reference new or altered elements.

Physical Data Independence: Supports modifications at the physical storage level, like altering storage devices or file organization, without impacting the logical schema.

Benefits:

• Enhances flexibility, maintainability, and adaptability, especially for organizations needing agile data management.
• Provides cost savings by reducing the need for application rewrites as requirements evolve.
• Helps ensure stability and reliability in the data environment, reducing the risk of errors in applications due to schema changes.

Significance:

Data independence supports the scalability and adaptability of DBMS, making it integral to the design and operation of databases in various industries.

Hence Option B is Correct.